A bow gives you much more different possibilities to articulate a note than just initial dynamic velocity.Intonation can in principle be controlled quite well by adding pitch-shift information to the MIDI track, though it's a heck lot of work to get that right. (Which can actually be quite a nice effect sometimes, like the Mellotron sounds found if early 70's progressive rock but that should really be seen as an instrument on its own right rather than strings.) And because sustained string notes are rather more dissonance-sensitive than piano or organ sounds, it will IMO always sound out of tune if you use 12-edo. A good performance will not use the pitch classes you find on a piano (12-edo tuning) that's originally just an approximation to 5-limit just intonation. Foremostly though much-neglected, string instruments being fretless means you can fine-control intonation.
Yet, as you say, the main problem is that string instruments have plenty of expression possibilities that you simply can't control with an ordinary keyboard. But there are of course dedicated sample libraries for almost all kinds of instruments, and a well-done violin one will already sound better when you're only playing as if it were organ. Obviously, the standard General-MIDI (GM) engines only use a very simple "one sample per keyboard note" approach you can't expect to get good quality here. So really, you should always refer to some particular virtual instrument sound. First some nomenclature pendantery: there is no such thing as a "MIDI sound".
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